Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Screenings and Treatment

Did you know that in the United States, one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in her lifetime? According to the National Breast Cancer Foundation, “In 2023, an estimated 297,790 women will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer.” Odds are that you know someone who currently has or has had breast cancer or has been personally impacted by it.

Knowing the facts about breast cancer, being aware of the symptoms and understanding the need for screening is key to making informed decisions about your breast health.

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is a growth of abnormal cells within the breast tissue that have the capability to invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body. In general, the more localized the process, the greater chance of cure which is why early detection is so important.

While breast cancer almost always occurs in women, men can get breast cancer, too. There are many types of breast cancer, which is determined by the type of cells within the breast that are affected.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

Knowing how your breasts normally feel and look will help you identify any changes or abnormalities that may occur. The first symptom people typically notice is a lump in the breast or armpit. While each person’s experience is different, common symptoms of breast cancer include:

• Swelling or thickening of the breast
• Pain in the nipple or breast
• Change in the shape, size or appearance of the breast
• Irritation, redness or dimpling of breast skin
• A newly inverted nipple
• Discharge from the nipple that is not breast milk
• Swollen or painful lymph nodes in the armpit

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, contact your primary care provider right away. Early detection plays a large role in the success of treatment.

Screening Options

Breast Mammogram

Mammograms are low-dose x-rays that take photos of the breast and can help detect abnormalities. Not only do mammograms spot masses, they can also detect abnormal cells in the lining of the breast duct, which can turn into invasive cancer.

A 3D mammogram is a type of mammogram that combines multiple breast x-rays to create a 3D image. This type of mammogram is recommended for people with dense breast tissue or who may not show signs or symptoms. Yearly mammograms should begin at the age of 40 and even earlier for those with a family history of breast cancer.

Breast Ultrasound

A breast ultrasound is a scan that uses sound waves to capture a detailed photo called a sonogram. The sonogram helps doctors determine what type of mass is detected. Some masses may be fluid-filled like cysts and others may be solid masses that need further testing. Undergoing a breast ultrasound is not a typical screening option. However, it is useful for looking at changes in the breast, especially for lumps you can feel, but cannot see.

Depending on screening results and other risk factors, additional testing may be ordered, such as:

Breast MRI

During this screening, an MRI machine uses strong magnets to take detailed photos of the breast as the person is lying down with their arms above their head. Based on the American Cancer Society guidelines, women who have a high risk for breast cancer should undergo a yearly breast MRI in addition to their yearly mammogram. Many high-risk women choose to schedule a mammogram and breast MRI six months apart to ensure they are tested twice a year.

Breast Biopsy

A breast biopsy is a test that removes tissue and fluid from the breast to determine if the suspicious area is cancerous. Doctors determine the type of biopsy based on the size of the suspicious area, where it is located in the breast and if there are multiple areas needing to be tested. The tissue and cells pulled from the biopsy are examined under a microscope to detect the presence of cancerous cells.

Treatment

If you are diagnosed with breast cancer, your provider will recommend a treatment plan based on the stage of your breast cancer. Some treatments may be local (targeting just the area around the tumor) and other treatments may be systemic (targeting the whole body).

Breast cancer can be treated using multiple treatment options, including:

• Surgery - A procedure to remove cancerous materials from the breast or affected areas.
• Radiation Therapy - High energy rays used to kill cancer cells within the breast.
• Hormone Therapy – A prescription drug that blocks the hormones necessary for cancer cells to grow.
• Chemotherapy – A form of medicine that travels through the body and kills or slows down the growth of cancerous cells.
• Immunotherapy - The use of a person’s own immune system to fight cancerous cells or to reduce the side effects from other treatments.

Exceptional Cancer Care

Bronson’s specialists are leaders in cancer care and our centers in Battle Creek and Kalamazoo are rated among the best in the nation. We have a comprehensive approach to care and work closely with each patient and family to develop a personalized care plan that guides them throughout medical, surgical and/or radiation treatment and includes ongoing supportive care.

To learn more about Bronson's breast cancer services and providers, visit bronsonhealth.com/cancer.

Mammograms Save Lives

All women should get a mammogram every year starting at age 40. This is the best way to detect breast cancer early when it is more easily treated.

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