Recognizing, Preventing and Diagnosing Head and Neck Cancers 

Article written by Chelsea Strang, PA-C, physician assistant at Bronson Oncology and Hematology Specialists.

What are Head and Neck Cancers?

Head and neck cancers are types of cancer that start in the mouth, nose, throat or neck. They account for nearly 4% of all cancers in the United States. It is important to recognize the signs early so treatment can begin as soon as possible.

Common Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms of cancers in specific areas of the head and neck include:

• Lumps or sores in the mouth, on the lips, in the throat, on either side of the neck, under the jaw or in the armpits
• Persistent sore throat
• Difficulty swallowing or swelling under the chin and around the jawbone
• Hoarseness or voice changes
• Consistent ear pain
• Frequent nosebleeds or nasal congestion that doesn’t go away
• Unexplained weight loss

If you experience any of these symptoms, talk with your primary care provider right away. They can discuss symptoms, and potential testing and make referrals as needed. Don't have a primary care provider? Find one now.

Prevention

While not all head and neck cancers can be prevented, there are ways to reduce your risk. Some lifestyle changes you can adapt include:

• Avoid tobacco: Smoking and using chewing tobacco are major risk factors. Quitting these habits can significantly reduce your risk of developing head or neck cancer.
• Limit alcohol consumption: Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol can increase your risk. If you drink, choose to drink in moderation.
• Protect yourself from HPV: The human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause head and neck cancers. The HPV vaccine can protect against HPV strain that cause these cancers.
• Maintain a healthy diet: Eating a balanced diet with lots of fruits and vegetables can help lower your risk. They contain important vitamins and minerals that can protect against cancer.
• Regular dental checkups: Dentists can spot early signs of cancer in the mouth. Regular checkups are important for early detection.
• Sun protection: Use sunscreen and wear a hat to protect your face and neck from harmful UV rays, which can cause skin cancer.
• Avoid exposure to harmful chemicals: If you work with chemicals, make sure to use protective equipment and follow safety guidelines.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing head or neck cancer may be done by your provider using assessments such as:

• Reviewing your medical history
• Physical exam: The doctor will ask about your symptoms and check your head, neck and throat for lumps or other abnormalities.
• Endoscopy: This is a procedure where the doctor uses a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera to look inside your throat, voice box or nasal passages.
• Biopsy: If the doctor finds something suspicious, they might take a small sample of tissue (biopsy) to look at under a microscope for cancer cells.
• Imaging tests: Tests like X-rays, CT scans, MRIs and PET scans can help the doctor see inside your body to check for tumors or other problems.

Recognizing and preventing head and neck cancers involves paying attention to your body, seeking medical advice when necessary and making healthy lifestyle choices. By being aware of the symptoms and taking steps to reduce your risk, you can help protect yourself against these types of cancers. Remember - early detection is key to successful treatment! 

Exceptional Cancer Care

If you receive a cancer diagnosis, trust southwest Michigan’s most preferred healthcare system. Bronson Cancer Center – with locations in Battle Creek and Kalamazoo – offers a comprehensive approach to care that surrounds patients with the expertise, technology, resources and positivity needed at every stage of the cancer journey. Learn more about Bronson's regional cancer program.

Chelsea Strang, PA-C

Hematology, Medical Oncology

“My greatest priority is to provide compassionate care for cancer patients. I find pure joy in connecting with my community.”

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